Edifices religieux

Eglise St-Antoine

Cette église se trouve sur le versant nord de la presqu’île de Split, au quartier de Poljud dans la baie des Kaštelas. L’archevêque de Split, Pavao vers 1020 fit construire l’église Notre-Dame de Poljud. Depuis la moitié du XIe s. c’est les Bénédictins du couvent St-Etienne sur le promontoire Sustipan à Split qui gèrent l’église, puis au XVe s. il est permis aux Franciscains de construire un couvent à proximité de l’église abandonnée. Au XVIe s. ils y construisent un cloitre avec tour carrée sur le côté ouest dans l’ensemble fortifié qui protégeait l’église et le couvent contre les attaques des Turcs. Au XVIIIe s. un clocher se dresse du côté sud de l’église. Parmi les ouvrages de valeur dans cet ensemble exceptionnel, il faut mentionner un polyptique d’autel représentant, entre autres, la plus ancienne image de Split. Sur cette peinture du maître vénitien Girolamo de Santa Croce de 1549, la ville repose dans les mains de son protecteur saint Domnius. Encore plus intéressant est une très rare représentation du prophète islamique Mohamed, dont la figure (qui selon le Coran ne doit pas être représentée), apparait sur la toile du peintre baroque Mihovil Luposignoli, comme l’un des 39 théologiens qui discutent sur l’Immaculée Conception de la Vierge Marie.

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Eglise St-François

L’église St-François, avec son couvent, située sur le versant occidental du Quai, se dresse à l’emplacement d’un site paléochrétien, à proximité de la tombe et de la chapelle de saint Félix, martyr à l’époque de Dioclétien. Dès le XIIIe s. l’église est habitée par les Frères mineurs de saint François. Parmi les œuvres d’art, signalons le crucifix peint gothique, œuvre de Blaise de Trogir du début du XVe s. et le sarcophage représentant le Passage de la Mer rouge, œuvre d’art religieux de l’époque romaine. A côté de l’église, le couvent des Franciscains avec son très beau cloitre du XIIIe s. abrite une riche bibliothèque de plus de 3.000 ouvrages dont certains remontes au XVIe s. L’église et le couvent conservent les tombes et plaques tombales d’éminents Splitois, celle du père de la littérature croate Marko Marulić et le sarcophage (œuvre d’Ivan Meštrović) de l’un des plus grands hommes politique croate Ante Trumbić.

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Eglise de la Sainte-Trinité

Cette petite, mais remarquable, église se trouve dans la zone Sutrojice à proximité du stade Poljud et du chantier naval. Monument de l’architecture du haut Moyen-Age (période paléocraote) construite entre le VIIIe et le XIe s. cet édifice de plan à six lobes aux apsides semi-circulaires alignées autour d’un cercle irrégulier est particulièrement intéressant. L’église est inscrite au registre des monuments du patrimoine de la République de Croatie, de première catégorie. Au cours des travaux de restauration en 1948 on a mis au jour les vestiges d’un édifice plus ancien orienté vers l’est et on y a découvert des fragments de chancel d’autel dont l’arc représente un exemple de la sculpture préromane avec entrelacs géométrique et texte gravé, aujourd’hui conservé au Musée des monuments archéologiques croates à Split.

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Eglise St-Philipe-Neri

Le chanoine de Split et évêque de Makarska, Nikola Bjanković décida en l’an 1672 de fonder la congrégation Philippine et d’élever une église dédiée à saint Philipe Néri. A l’emplacement de la maison Papalić, le long de laquelle furent achetées deux autres immeubles plus petits concédés par patricien Frane Soppe Papalić, la construction débuta en 1679. Cette modeste église rectangulaire fut terminée en 1680.

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Chapelle St-Martin

Dans la partie nord du Palais de Dioclétien, dans le mur au-dessus de la Porte d’or s’est nichée la chapelle de St-Martin. L’actuel aspect est une réplique d’une chapelle paléochrétienne du VIe s. avec chancel préroman du XIe s. Cette toute petite chapelle, et l’une des plus anciennes à Split est large à peine 1,64 m et longue 10 m et on la considère comme le monument religieux le mieux conservé de l’époque. L’espace qu’elle occupe à l’origine servait de chemin de garde pour les soldats protégeant l’entrée nord du Palais de Dioclétien.

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Petites églises de la colline Marjan

Si quelque chose détermine le Marjan – cette colline symbole à l’ouest de la presqu’île de Split – autant que sa forêt, ses diverses pistes et contenus récréatifs, son labyrinthe médiéval de rues du faubourg Veli Varoš, alors ce sont certainement les nombreuses chapelles et petites églises. Construites à l’époque quand le Marjan était un refuge spirituel des Splitois qui exprimaient leur foi chrétienne par des pèlerinages vers leur sainte colline. Ces parfois toutes petites églises sont l’un des témoins du déroulement de la vie à Split. Pour les amateurs de marche dans la nature, une randonné-visite de cet anneau spirituel peut être une occasion exceptionnelle pour bien connaitre le Marjan et profiter du calme qu’offre cette colline aussi bien aux Splitois qu’à ses visiteurs.

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